Police Discretion Essay

Watchfulness was characterized to be the determination among conceivable way of activities. It was uncontrolled and has incredible significance in the criminal equity. Watchfulness can be taken a gander at alternate points of view, for example, caution as-judgment, prudence as-decision, tact as-insight, circumspection as-freedom and carefulness as-license.â In the attentiveness as-judgment, attentiveness is seen as the opposite of normal or ongoing practices. In accordance with this, prudence gives anybody information, thoughts, capacities and bits of knowledge surprisingly. Police are not officers that are instructed with orders. Police must be progressively objective and judicious in applying and emerging principles and must keep what the standard is about. As circumspection as-decision, caution incorporates shaping of individual connections, commitment, careful decisions and scholarly choices. It is about the capacity of settling on own choices and following your still, small voice and alteration of superior’s choice if important.  â â â â â â â â â â On the other hand, attentiveness as-acumen took a gander at watchfulness as settling on choices or decisions as well as settling on great and temperate choices. Insight is judiciousness, premonition class, resilience, compassion and being circumspect. In attentiveness as-freedom, circumspection is the approval of being allowed to act and utilizing this consent to expand the rights and obligations, which point of vision of freedom and unavoidable rights. In conclusion, the watchfulness as-permit considers caution to be the opposite of standard possibility. It offers anyone the benefit to reprieve the guidelines, challenge your prompt predominant, and be not exactly immaculate constantly anyway keeping up great connection with your boss or the normal open. Besides, carefulness not simply like doing what you like what you need and what you like. Caution is limited by a few standards of the general public. Police watchfulness was a prohibited topic of discussion until 1956 when American Bar Foundation discharged an investigation about it. Indeed, even the investigation had indicated such attentiveness, still no one would let it be known happened or existed. The mentality of police toward legitimateness of activities is that any variety from acknowledged progression of activities was viewed as untouchable and noted as to some degree wellspring of defilement. At the point when it was disclosed to open, individuals and different foundations like the American Friends Service Committee (1971) have required its prompt abolishment and accordingly police specialists required a clampdown on the issue of carefulness. Presently, it is seen as awful or great whenever utilized appropriately. The activity of prudence was fundamentally not the issue be that as it may; there are cases that police attentiveness was mishandled.  â â â â â â â â â â Discretion is conceded on police experts to serve the requirements of the network and giving them the feeling of insurance they need. There are various kinds of police; legalistic, guard or administration style yet the primary concern is the manner by which they organized and controlled tact.  â â â â â â â â â â  There are different reasons for police tact. One is a guilty party variable where police acknowledge truly grievances made by develop individual than objections made by youth. African Americans are progressively inclined for capture and power of police specialists. There are likewise cases that individuals who demonstrate great mentality to police is well on the way to be dealt with gently. Individuals who are rich and powerful and situated at the high society got uncommon treatment from the police specialists. Mental status and sexual orientation is another factor that influences police on the best way to manage distinctive episode experienced. Another reason is circumstance factors in which police gave more significance genuine violations than minor ones. Generally, treatment of savage weapons or showing police obstruction made cops progressively receptive to circumstance. What's more, the vitality of property associated with wrongdoing scene decides the proficiency of police reaction and investigatory activities towards it.â Police once in a while follows up on protests of resident; they organize exercises initiated by police administration.â Bureaucracy of police is more showed with the nearness of witnesses, media and people in general.  â â  â â â â â â Police additionally has an inclination of turning out to be tolerant when equity framework was stopped up and become harsh when they need cash. Size and structure of the office are straightforwardly relative to the power of police circumspection. Networks that have numerous assets and give more administrations to open tend police to utilize no capture framework.  â â â â â â â â â â Moreover police has a conviction that governing body have no yearning of absolute implementation, anyway what they accepted is that legislators were showing up on the wrongdoing scenes depicting a decent and true picture to general society.  â â â â â â â â â â Domestic savagery, inebriated driving, apathy, absence of confidence in utility of capture, abhor wrongdoing, psychological sickness, bad habit wrongdoing and utilization of power are the various territories of attentiveness.  â â â â â â â â â â Domestic brutality is one region where police mishandled. Rather than indicting spouses who battered their wives, cops sit idle. Some police managed intervention, directing and social assistance referral. The reasons of such mentality of police are; they consider local to be as a private issue, casualties were generally uncooperative, fear of provider would be a weight to the family and on the grounds that male police supported male aggressor. To maintain a strategic distance from the weights of court dates and paper works they utilized and mishandled the intensity of prudence.  â â â â â â â â â â The utilization of power is another region where we can perceive how tact throats organized and controlled. The power utilized by the police are just constrained and sensible for any circumstance. The utilization of power must be in all out control so as to shield them from common obligation.  â â â â â â â â â â Police attentiveness is a twofold edge blade that can be utilized for fortunate or unfortunate expectations or purposes.  â â â â â â â â â â Even on the off chance that we state that the relics of racial segregation in law implementation in the past is gone, we can't take the way that endeavors to control police carefulness don't ensured that there is no maltreatment of police prudence in the piece of the authority. There were noticeable noteworthy impulses for controlling police watchfulness concerning racial segregation yet at the same time don't guaranteed of the objectivity of the police. We as a whole realize that carefulness is a type of settling on decisions henceforth there would be a notable point that there is somebody who might be the washout in the determination. As a rule, racial minorities, outsiders, youngsters and individuals who have diverse social and political perspectives from lion's share bunch were consistently the washouts. At the absolute first, the issue in giving police prudence and legal control of carefulness just allows law authorization to focus on the most outlandish heard and sound objections. This was genuinely showed in heterogeneous networks and even in the homogeneous society. The following unavoidable issue is that, â€Å"Are US police biased?†.  There are discoveries that police and equity framework in the United States were not one-sided with regards to race. For somebody to be detainee, there are four things that must initially need to happen. Before a police capture someone, charges must be recorded first, concede, saw him as liable of the wrongdoing, and condemned him to jail. Unquestionably and surely, racial separation can't be seen in this circumstance. Blacks have unquestionably high possibility of being captured than some other race. In the measurements introduced by the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), dark offer an enormous rate (around 27 percent) of misgiving cases which is very diverting in light of the fact that they were just 13 percent of the absolute populace of the United States. Then again white and Hispanics are represented the 71 percent of capture cases however comprise 81 percent of the complete populace of America. On the off chance that all wrongdoings of different kinds were summarized, the possibility of being captured of a Blackman is twice of that of both white and Hispanics. They have a bigger possibility of being captured for fierce violations and even a lot bigger for burglary. Numerous individuals accepted that Blacks are captured so visit since police are one-sided in focusing on wrongdoing committers. They think police capture them with no target and lawful reasons. A few laws have gone so as to address what they think as maltreatment of power. On the other hand, police unequivocally state that they capture countless Blacks since they themselves carry out an incredible number of lawbreakers. The most target method of looking the nearness of police inclination is to have a correlation between the extent of Black lawbreakers and the extent of captured Black suspects. On the off chance that on the off chance that equivalent, it is a positive sign that police are reasonable in practicing their power. The UCR andâ â the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) have recorded the most current information with respect to the various violations done to casualties and the quantity of capture of those different wrongdoings. Be that as it may, the information don't speak to the real event of violations; rather, fewer captures were recorded.â NCVS directed information extrapolation and demonstrated the estimation of the genuine number of wrongdoings in the United States every year. From 2001 to 2003, roughly 1.8 burglaries have happened. So also, UCR announced that police captured around 229,000 for theft. Before a police makes a capture, one must let them know of the wrongdoing thus the most appropriate way of to evaluate whether there exist biasness in law implementation by the police is actually the examination between the extent of Black hoodlums and the extent of captured Black suspects. The information demonstrated that

Csr Work by Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola India Wins Golden Peacock Global Award for Corporate Social Responsibility Coca-Cola India was granted the esteemed 2008 Golden Peacock Global Award for Corporate Social Responsibility on Feb. 15 during a worldwide gathering in Vilamoura, Portugal. Dr. Ola Ullsten, previous head administrator of Sweden, introduced the honor to Deepak Jolly, Vice-President, Public Affairs and Communication, Coca-Cola India, for the benefit of the Company.The Golden Peacock Global CSR Award exhibits the â€Å"human face of business† by perceiving the proceeding with responsibility of organizations â€Å"to carry on morally and add to monetary turn of events while improving the personal satisfaction of the workforce, their families and the nearby network and society on the loose. † A recognized jury led by Dr. Ola Ullsten, previous leader of Sweden, chose this year’s Golden Peacock grant victors. Introducing the honor to the Company, Dr.Ola Ullsten, stated, â€Å"Golden P eacock Awards have been established by World Council for Corporate Governance, UK to make intensity in the zone of Corporate Social Responsibility. We are cheerful that Coca-Cola India’s exertion in advancing maintainable networks sets a model for different associations to follow. † Her Excellency Ms. Nilima Mitra Ambassador of India in Portugal said that she was extremely intrigued with the way where Coca Cola is satisfying its CSR in India in water the board and protection particularly the mediation to guarantee consumable water to 1000 elementary schools in India.Commenting on the Coca-Cola India winning the honor, Atul Singh, President and CEO, Coca-Cola India, stated, â€Å"Coca-Cola India has consistently positioned high an incentive on great citizenship and has embraced a few activities for network improvement and comprehensive development. We are delighted to get this worldwide honor and are lowered at being perceived for the little commitments that we have had the option to make to safeguard and ensure the earth and towards network improvement. We are additionally building up the Coca-Cola India Foundation which will additionally endeavor to have a beneficial outcome on nearby communities.The Company stays resolved to work with partners and networks the nation over in its offer to add to shared development and advancement. † The honor perceives Coca-Cola India’s water preservation/the executives and network advancement activities. The Company has introduced 320 Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) structures in 17 states and has reestablished a few conventional water bodies like the Sarai Bawari and Kale Hanuman ki Bawari in Jaipur and check dams over the country.Additionally, the Company as of late set an objective to arrive at a â€Å"net-zero† offset regarding groundwater use by 2009 and propelled the â€Å"Elixir of life† undertaking to give drinking water to about 30,000 youngsters in 100 essential and panchayat sc hools in and around Chennai. The Company intends to give clean savoring water 1,000 schools by 2010. Coca-Cola India likewise advances feasible bundling through PET reusing and has attempted a few activities in the regions of essential wellbeing, essential training and foundation for neighborhood communities.The Company has embraced these Citizenship activities in association with government, NGOs, instructive organizations and nearby networks. In 2006, the World Environment Foundation (WEF) regarded Coca-Cola India with the Golden Peacock Environment Management Special Commendation Award for its reality class condition rehearses. Dr. Olla Ullsten, previous Prime Minister of Sweden and Chairman of the Awards jury introducing the Golden Peacock Global Award for Corporate Social Responsibility to Deepak Jolly, Vice President, Public Affairs and Communication, Coca-Cola India.Local people group utilizing water from the restored Sarai Bawari at Amer, close Jaipur, RajasthanA photograph of the drinking water venture in 100 schools, propelled by the Company in Chennai, which will profit about 30,000 youngsters on fruition Kaladera Community Recognizes Coca-Cola’s Community Initiatives Rakesh Pathak, Unit HR Manager, Kaladera plant and Sunil Sharma being congratulated by Chhittarmal Hatwal, Sarpanch (head) of Kaladera at the network occasion Coca-Cola India was as of late recognized for the different citizenship activities in and around Kaladera in Jaipur, Rajasthan.Rakesh Pathak, Unit HR Manager, Kaladera plant and Sunil Sharma, who’s been related with the organization for quite a while, were congratulated by the residents of Dabar Basti in Kaladera. As a major aspect of open private organization, Coca-Cola introduced another drag well as of late in the zone to give water in the places of townspeople. Chhittarmal Hatwal, Sarpanch (head) of Kaladera introduced a Safa (head gear) to Rakesh Pathak and Sunil Sharma as a characteristic of appreciation to th e organization. â€Å"We are profoundly regarded by the acknowledgment of the individuals of Kaladera† said Rakesh Pathak. Coca-Cola India has consistently positioned high an incentive on citizenship and has taken different activities to moderate water the territory. â€Å" Coca-Cola India has worked with the administration, neighborhood bodies and the whole network of Kaladera in the region of water preservation. This incorporates reclamation of Sarai Bawari and Kale Hanuman ki Bawari †authentic advance wells (more than 400 years of age), giving water to the individuals of the network. The organization has developed more than 140 energize shafts in the territory. Downpour water collecting ventures have been set up in different schools, government bodies and the network regions. No other organization has ever approached and moved in the direction of the government assistance of the Kaladera Community with the exception of Coca-Cola. We value the endeavors taken by Coca- Cola for the protection of water in Kaladera. † Chhittarmal Hatwal, Sarpanch (head) of Kaladera. What's more, Coca-Cola India has embraced a yearly grant program for the understudies in the close by towns for the fifth sequential year. Among different instructive activities, Coca-Cola likewise bolsters ’Aap Ki Beti’ (your little girl) program to give training to a young lady child.Community Recognition to Coca-Cola India Certificate of thankfulness given by Cultural Council, Kaladera Community in Rajasthan Coca-Cola India was as of late recognized for the different citizenship activities in and around Kaladera in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Sunil Sharma, who’s been related with Coca-Cola India, got the endorsement of gratefulness for the benefit of the organization from the Cultural Council of the Kaladera people group during the festival of Holi, the celebration of hues and happiness. I’m profoundly regarded by the acknowledgment of the individuals of Kalad era† said Sunil Sharma with his face painted in the shades of party. â€Å"Coca-Cola India has consistently positioned exceptionally high an incentive on citizenship and has taken different activities to save water the zone. â€Å" Coca-Cola India has worked with the administration, neighborhood bodies and the whole network of Kaladera in the territory of water preservation. This incorporates rebuilding of Sarai Bawari and Kale Hanuman ki Bawari †authentic advance wells (more than 400 years of age), giving water to the individuals of the community.The organization has developed more than 140 energize shafts in the region. Downpour water gathering ventures have been set up in different schools, government bodies and the network territories. Sitaram Sanwaria, President, Cultural gathering, Kaladera Community and a nearby occupant, introducing the affirmation of gratefulness to Sunil Sharma, as a token of thankfulness to Coca-Cola India for its locale endeavors during Holi festivities, a celebration of hues where individuals play with hues and have a ton of fun and enjoyment.The celebration targets uniting the general public and reinforce the social texture of the nation â€Å"No other organization has ever approached and progressed in the direction of the government assistance of the Kaladera Community aside from Coca-Cola. We value the endeavors taken by Coca-Cola for the protection of water in Kaladera. † said Bhura Mal Sharma, a multi year old rancher. â€Å"The Rain water frameworks introduced by Coca-Cola guarantee that the downpour water returns into the ground which is extremely advantageous to the ranchers and in the event that we get great rains this year the outcomes will represent themselves. Said Shri Hanuman Sahaya 70-year-old rancher. What's more, Coca-Cola India has embraced a yearly grant program for the understudies in the close by towns for the fifth back to back year. Among different instructive activities, Coca-Cola likew ise underpins ’Aap Ki Beti’ (your little girl) program to give training to a young lady kid. â€Å"The streets, emergency clinics, clinical camps, hand siphons and so on all show that Coca-Cola thinks about Kaladera. We are sure that the organization will continue need based formative projects in future moreover. help Shri Bhagwan Sahai ji, a neighborhood social laborer and pioneer. The nearness of an organization like Coca-Cola in the region is a gift for the nearby individuals of Kaladera. † included Shiv Sahay, a multi year old rancher and a common temporary worker. â€Å"The declaration of gratefulness that we to Mr. Sunil Sharma is a token of much obliged for the determined endeavors of Coca-Cola for the government assistance of the community†, said Sitaram Sanwaria, President, Cultural board, Kaladera Community. â€Å"There is no better approaches to be perceived for your committed network endeavors than by the individuals of the network themselves .Getting such an acknowledgment at Holi, which is a celebration of hues and ties individuals together shows the certainty that the network has in us†, closed Sunil Sharma. Coca-Cola wins Bhagidari Award-Fourth time in succession Coca-Cola India won the Delhi Government's Bhagidari Award for the fourth back to back year for its endeavors in Water Conservation and Community Development. The honor was introduced on the second day of the multi day Bhagidari Utsav at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi on February 3, 2007 by the Hon'ble Chief

Bank On Program Brings Alternatives to Illinois Payday Loans - OppLoans

Bank On Program Brings Alternatives to Illinois Payday Loans - OppLoans Bank On Program Brings Alternatives to Illinois Payday Loans Bank On Program Brings Alternatives to Illinois Payday LoansInside Subprime: September 16, 2019By Grace AustinIllinois’s governor has signed legislation into law that’s designed to bring better options than payday loans to consumers in the state by leading them to traditional financial institutions.  The new law, called “Bank On Illinois,” allows the state comptroller’s office to work with banks, credit unions and other financial institutions to offer low-interest loans for those with low credit scores, bank accounts with no- or low-maintenance fees and minimum deposits, and limited to no overdraft fees.  Banks and credit unions will now list what low-cost methods are available to consumers to open an account. It will be available through the Bank on Illinois program.  â€œWe’ll set up a window on our website where people can enter their address and we’ll say here’s the nearest bank to you with an appropriate account that will work for you,” State Comptroller Susana Mendoza said.  The bill passed both parts of the legislature with unanimous support and was signed by Gov. JB Pritzker in August 2019.  The law doesn’t actually require banking institutions to do anything, but as one article said, “it can’t hurt.”There’s an estimated one-fifth of the state that isn’t served by traditional financial institutions, according to FDIC data from 2015, and instead use products like payday loans and title loans that have exorbitantly high fees and interest rates. A press release said that consumers will pay $40,000 in fees over their lives on average, according to Brookings Data, and that both rural and urban individuals in the state are unbanked and underbanked, with numbers hovering around a third of the population in some counties.  â€œMany of us take for granted being able to cash a check at our bank, open a savings account to plan for our family’s future or secure a loan at a reasonable interest rate” said Mendoza. “But thousands of I llinoisans don’t have these options, and they pay for it in inordinate fees and sky-high interest rates. Bank on Illinois will help them break that cycle.”Mendoza will now be able to certify and publicly post information about the products and banks that fall under the law’s criteria. She won’t be able to develop any new programs, though. Mendoza will work with an advisory commission to figure out those financial institutions that meet the criteria.“We are going to be taking this, not just via a website portal, but actually directly into communities that we believe and we know to be under-served when it comes to their banking products, but we will also be collaborating directly with other community partners in getting the word out,” said Mendoza.And despite some mixed reaction, the Community Bankers Association of Illinois praised the program.“It is important to integrate these consumers into the mainstream financial world as an alternative to predatory actors like pay day lenders and title loans who charge as much as 500% interest for basic financial services.”  Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including Illinois, Chicago, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky and more.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn

Short Story - 788 Words

When Ryder turned his attention onto her, she did the same. Her dark hues started into his own. After all it was the right thing to do. She was taught that when someone spoke to you, you looked at them and give them your undivided attention. Especially when that person happens to be your boss. Of all the things she learned from the world before this, this had to have been the most simple of things, yet she still felt the urge to do it. Hearing him speak, her head would nod some. â€Å"Everything’s running smoothly, No problems to report, sir.† She spoke in an honest voice. There was honestly nothing going on with the power or water, which surprised her, since she got it up and running the damn things have given her problems almost every day.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I remember taking those from you, Didn’t I take them from you?† She questioned her. Her head tilting off to the side. Could she really be the only one bothered by the fact someone allowed her a prisoner to take the weapons in with her. Her brow rose as she turned to look towards Ryder and Eric. Yep, she was the others didn’t seem bothered by it. Taking in a deep breath, She rolled her eyes, she couldn’t really blame them. Not with how many more people seemed to be showing up. On top of that,Ryder could take care of himself if things got out of hand. Not to mention he now had Eric, Cain and herself standing in the room. If Zinda tried to do anything, anything to harm Ryder they wouldn’t allow it. So there wasn’t really any need to worry about it. â€Å"Yeah she offered use supplies yes, but that was only after the barn caught on fire. Because someone decided she wanted to jump from the roof to the old ass barn that was falling apart. I’m not even sure how the damn thing caught on fire. It was still burning when we left to come back to camp.† She stated hones tly, with a slight shake of the head. If Zinda was going to try and make it out like they did something bad that wasn’t for the good of the group, she wasn’t going to allow it. Neither herself or anyone else on the run did anything wrong. She rolled her eyes and turned her gaze back towards Zinda. Nodding her head, she agreed to what Eric was saying. â€Å"It’s true she did have a gun pointed at my head.† SheShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. 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Breast Cancer Risk Factors And Prevention - 1526 Words

Breast Cancer: Risk Factors and Prevention When malignant cells form in the tissues of the breast, breast cancer occurs. One in 8 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer also occurs in men; however, the number of cases is small compared to women accounting for only 1% of the breast cancer cases in the United States (Stuckey, 2011). Breast cancer is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world (Stuckey, 2011), and the second most common type of cancer in American women next to skin cancer. Over the past several years, deaths from breast cancer have decreased each year; however, it still remains the second most frequent cause of cancer related deaths in American women with lung†¦show more content†¦Being a woman is the primary risk factor for developing breast cancer. Women are 100 times more likely to develop breast cancer than men (American Cancer Society, 2014). In addition, a person’s risk of developing breast cancer increases with age (Stuckey, 2011). One out of 8 invasive breast cancers are found in women younger than 45, while about 2 out of every 3 invasive breast cancers are found in women age 55 or older (American Cancer Society, 2014). The risk of breast cancer in a 70 year old woman is about 10 times that of a 30 year old woman (Stuckey, 2011). Having a family history of breast cancer is a risk factor (Stuckey, 2011). There are more people diagnosed with breast cancer whose close blood relatives have the disease. Having a first-degree relative, which is a mother, sister, or daughter, with a history of breast cancer approximately doubles a woman’s risk. Having two first-degree relatives with breast cancer makes a person three times more likely to develop breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2014). Women with a personal history of a benign cancer disease have an increased risk of developing a second primary breast cancer (National Cancer Institute). Those diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 40 are at higher risk and younger women have are three times as likely to develop any future cancer and are four and a

Teleological Arguments Essay - 849 Words

The argument from design or the teleological argument points to the existence of order and direction in nature to a kind of purpose. The argument essentially proves the existence of God. A designer must exist because the universe and living things exhibit marks of design in their complexity. Design-type arguments are unproblematic when based upon things nature plainly could not or would not produce, like human artifacts. If designs entail a designer, and the universe shows marks of design, then the universe was created. An intelligent designer is an entity that the intelligent design movement argues had some role in the development of life. Essentially, the claim being made is that certain aspects of the universe are too perfectly†¦show more content†¦However, if one stumbled across a stone it would be difficult for one to explain how it got there. Secondly, just as the complexity of a watch imply intelligent design, Paley suggested that the universe too implies intelligent design. The eye is usually used as an example of design. â€Å"I know no better method of introducing so large a subject, than that of comparing a single thing with a single thing; an eye, for example, with a telescope† (Klemke 32). Paley stated that both of these are instruments and bear resemblance to one another. In order for the eye or telescope to work, there must be many dissimilar convergent parts that individually have no role but have value only in a designed whole. Therefore, it is only in the joined unity that they exhibit their total function. David Hume counter-argued against the argument from design. He noted that although we know that man-made structures are designed because we have seen them being built, the analogy does not hold for non-man-made structures. A theist must be able to show that natural objects in the universe were manufactured in some way. For example, trees, humans and rocks. The analogy then requires the existence of an intelligent designer. Hume criticizes the claim that artifacts and the universe are similar in the right ways because we have only had experience with just one universe. He rejects the analogy between the material universe and a humanShow MoreRelatedEssay The Teleological Argument1368 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Paley and David Hume’s argument over God’s existence is known as the teleological argument, or the argument from design. Arguments from design are arguments concerning God or some type of creator’s existence based on the ideas of order or purpose in univer se. Hume takes on the approach of arguing against the argument of design, while Paley argues for it. Although Hume and Paley both provide very strong arguments, a conclusion will be drawn at the end to distinguish which philosophiser holdsRead MoreRichard Swinburnes Teleological Argument790 Words   |  4 PagesRichard Swinburnes Teleological Argument Although explicated on many occasions and by many different authors, the teleological argument for the existence of God provides the best springboard from which to launch contemporary convictions of faith. In the revised edition of his earlier The Existence of God, Richard Swinburne constructs a solid outline that reveals the exact structure of the teleological argument. He presents both forms of the teleological argument , holds each under theRead MoreExamine the Key Features of the Teleological Argument?1491 Words   |  6 PagesExamine the key features of the Teleological argument. The word teleological comes from the Greek word ‘Telos’ which means purpose. The teleological argument is a posteriori and like the cosmological argument, attempts to prove the existence of God. It claims that certain phenomena within the universe appear to display features of design and are perfectly adapted to fulfil their function. Therefore, if features of the universe are so perfectly designed, for example the structure and function ofRead MoreThe Teleological Argument for Gods Existence Essay482 Words   |  2 PagesThe Teleological Argument for Gods Existence The teleological argument is also known as the argument from design. It is the idea that our world and the universe surrounding it are so intricate that it could not happen by accident, it was designed. William Paley put forward perhaps the most famous version of this with the watchmaker argument. Imagine you live on a desolate desert island and one day you come across a watch. By looking at it and examining, the intricateRead MoreThe Teleological Argument For The Existence Of Intelligent Design1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe teleological argument successfully provides proof for the existence of intelligent design by utilizing intricate scientific data in order to demonstrate intent and purpose in the creation of the universe, as opposed to random and highly improbable occurrences. The purpose of the teleological argument is to present complex details of the universe as evidence that it was designed by an intelligent mind. It suggests that since the universe is so compound and full of fine-tuned intricacies, thereRead MoreTeleological Argument for the Existence of God Essay2079 Words   |  9 Pagesexamine the argument put forward by William Paley in 1802, in his Natural Theology. Paley offers an argument from design that purports to show a clear and distinct reason why one should hold a belief in God, due to the inherent features of the world. It is attempted in this paper to firstly: show that the argument should be rejected on the grounds of lacking a rationally flowing set of premises and conclusions; and secondly: that the criticisms made by David Hume concerning the argument hold moreRead MoreExplain the Teleological Arguments for the Existence of God Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Teleological arguments The word teleological originates from the Greek ‘telos’ meaning end or purpose. It infers the existence of God from a particular aspect or character of the world, namely the presence of order, regularity and purpose, and thus, is most commonly known as the design argument; it postulates the idea of a designer for all that has been designed. As its name suggests, the teleological argument attempts to seek the ultimate end or purpose. Furthermore, the teleological argumentRead MoreSummary Of On Being An Atheist1341 Words   |  6 Pageshis thoughts on the matter in a journal article in 1968 titled â€Å"On Being an Atheist†. In his article McCloskey aims to discredit cosmological and teleological arguments for a creator and he uses the existence of evil in the world as evidence that a divine creator cannot exist. McCloskey routinely refers to the cosmological and teleological arguments as believers’ â€Å"proof† of God’s existence; however, this is not an accurate statement. (McCloskey, 1968) Foreman points out in his presentation; weRead MoreEssay about The Characteristics of God1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Characteristics of God In Section eleven of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding Hume argues that if a teleological argument is sufficient proof for a god, then that god must have deficiencies in morality, power, benevolence and intelligence. I will present Hume’s argument and the subsequent objections he considers. As well, I will defend Hume’s final position by giving my best objection to it and explaining how that objection fails. Hume chooses to speak about the matter in the style ofRead MoreEssay about The Inadequacy of Paleys Argument from Design1269 Words   |  6 PagesInadequacy of the Argument from Design William Paley’s teleological argument (also known as the argument from design) is an attempt to prove the existence of god. This argument succeeds in proving that while existence was created by an aggregation of forces, to define these forces, as a conscious, rational, and ultimately godlike is dubious. Although the conclusions are valid, the argument makes several logical errors. The teleological argument relies on inductive reasoning, rendering the argument itself valid

Restaurant Management-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Quetsion: Identify and analyze how the name, logo and location of a restaurant will significantly impact on the market segment the restaurant will attract. Answer: Introduction The essay helps in analysis of the importance of name, logo along with location of restaurant that will significantly influence the segment of the market that will be attracted by them. The market segment is defined as identifying the potential customers based on different characteristics that include similar interests, locations and needs. Findings A proper example of a restaurant can be taken, as this will help in revealing the identity and it helps in attracting the customers to know about the company in an effective manner. The example of McDonalds can be taken, as this will help in understanding the importance of the restaurant in an effectual manner (Jaggi and Bahl 2015). The location of McDonalds is all over the world wherein it can gain the entire presence of the different customers in an effective manner. There are different other competitors in the market that are not performing as well as McDonalds. The target customers of McDonalds are the young generation that includes the kids as well. The name of the company has to be unique and different from other competitors in the market and it is the very first thing that is noticed by the customers in the market as well. The market population is essential in nature as well to attract huge number of the customers. Analysis It can be analyzed that McDonalds has been spread across the world, as the selection of the different outlets has been perfect in nature. They have spread their presence to different regions that include different airports, shopping malls along with different other central locations in different parts of the world. McDonalds has segmented the market in such a manner that this has helped them in understanding tastes and preferences of the customers. They implement different kind of changes in the menu in accordance to the religious and cultural atmosphere of the country and modify themselves in accordance to the same. McDonalds menu for America and India differs from one another as in Florida there are different items of Beef and Bacon. The target market for McDonalds are the kids, teenagers and family by developing unique image in minds of the customers. The advertising strategy of McDonalds was effective in nature that helped McDonalds in increasing their sales and reputation. The tourism area that is attracted by McDonalds is in all the seasons and they organize different campaigns as to provide food to the needy and help those (Canziani et al. 2016). The area that will be selected by the restaurant has to be checked relating to the competitors such as whether some other restaurant is selling the same kind of products along with their size and expertise. From the example, it can be seen that the before setting up a restaurant, proper name and logo has to be selected by them as this will help in increasing their sales and business in an effective manner (Lee, Hallak and Sardeshmukh 2016). The environmental factors have to be analyzed whether the organization can survive in such place and investigate the different property prices as well. The patterns of population has to be checked by the restaurant as this will help in understanding the local crowd as they will support the business or not in the future (Yim, Lee and Kim 2014). The restaurant officials have to check whether the population in the respective area is helpful in making the business popular in nature. It is essential for the restaurants to understand and choose the location wisely as this will help them to grow their business. With the analysis of the competitors, it is essential to understand that the respective restaurant has to provide the customers with better quality products than the competitors in the market in an effective manner (Pyo 2015). Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that location, name and logo of the company is essential in nature, as this will help the business to succeed in the future. Proper marketing has to be done by the restaurant in order to increase their sales and reputation in the market. The analysis of the competitors is required as this provides view on potentiality and expertise of the existing competitors as well References Canziani, B.F., Almanza, B., Frash Jr, R.E., McKeig, M.J. and Sullivan-Reid, C., 2016. Classifying restaurants to improve usability of restaurant research.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(7), pp.1467-1483. Jaggi, S. and Bahl, S.K., 2015. Impact of Advertising Strategies on Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Case Study on Mc Donalds (India).International Journal of Engineering and Management Research,5(5), pp.56-60. Lee, C., Hallak, R. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2016. Innovation, entrepreneurship, and restaurant performance: A higher-order structural model.Tourism Management,53, pp.215-228. Pyo, S., 2015. Integrating tourist market segmentation, targeting, and positioning using association rules.Information Technology Tourism,15(3), pp.253-281. Yim, E.S., Lee, S. and Kim, W.G., 2014. Determinants of a restaurant average meal price: An application of the hedonic pricing model.International Journal of Hospitality Management,39, pp.11-20.

Detecting Lies in Negotiations

Free Essays on Nutcracker

The Nutcracker ballet is an essential part of the holiday season. The story and the music never change from year to year but people are always enchanted by it. This year I attended a performance of The Nutcracker by the American Repertory Ballet at McCarter Theater. The music for the ballet was composed by Peter Tchaikovsky during the Romantic era. Tchaikovsky was asked to compose music for a ballet based on a story called â€Å"The Nutcracker and the Mouse King.† However, at this performance there was not a live orchestra, the music was recorded but still sounded professional. While most people in attendance focused on the dancers on stage, my main focus was on the music coming out of the speakers. I’ve heard the music from the Nutcracker Suite before while watching the ballet but had never given much thought to the music that the dance is derived from. The instruments I could recognize consisted of flute/piccolo, oboe/bassoon, trumpets, castanets, tambourine, triangle, harp, and a xylophone (which I later learned was actually a celeste). The entire suite had homophonic texture. There were many shifts in dynamics and mood which the characters reflected in their movements. For example in the opening piece the music was light, bouncy, had instruments playing higher notes, and children were dancing on the stage. When the music changed to a more serious tone with a slower tempo, key shifted down, less flute and more use off lower sounding instruments, during that time the adults were dancing. Different instruments also represented separate characters. Military drums and horns often signaled the presence of the Nutcracker. When the Mouse King appeared the violins created a sense of urgency and danger when his army began fighting with the Nutcracker’s. The Sugar Plum Fairy danced to the music of the celeste which has a very light and dainty tinkling sound as opposed to the marching beat of the Nutcracker’s military drum.... Free Essays on Nutcracker Free Essays on Nutcracker The Nutcracker ballet is an essential part of the holiday season. The story and the music never change from year to year but people are always enchanted by it. This year I attended a performance of The Nutcracker by the American Repertory Ballet at McCarter Theater. The music for the ballet was composed by Peter Tchaikovsky during the Romantic era. Tchaikovsky was asked to compose music for a ballet based on a story called â€Å"The Nutcracker and the Mouse King.† However, at this performance there was not a live orchestra, the music was recorded but still sounded professional. While most people in attendance focused on the dancers on stage, my main focus was on the music coming out of the speakers. I’ve heard the music from the Nutcracker Suite before while watching the ballet but had never given much thought to the music that the dance is derived from. The instruments I could recognize consisted of flute/piccolo, oboe/bassoon, trumpets, castanets, tambourine, triangle, harp, and a xylophone (which I later learned was actually a celeste). The entire suite had homophonic texture. There were many shifts in dynamics and mood which the characters reflected in their movements. For example in the opening piece the music was light, bouncy, had instruments playing higher notes, and children were dancing on the stage. When the music changed to a more serious tone with a slower tempo, key shifted down, less flute and more use off lower sounding instruments, during that time the adults were dancing. Different instruments also represented separate characters. Military drums and horns often signaled the presence of the Nutcracker. When the Mouse King appeared the violins created a sense of urgency and danger when his army began fighting with the Nutcracker’s. The Sugar Plum Fairy danced to the music of the celeste which has a very light and dainty tinkling sound as opposed to the marching beat of the Nutcracker’s military drum....

Q3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Q3 - Essay Example It is important in improving the organization’s competitiveness through ensuring that the customers are loyal to it as well as the optimization of innovative products and services from the organization (Day et al 2000). More over, management as well as employees use this technology to put together and evaluate data obtained regarding customers for the purpose of developing a strong relationship between them and the customers. This strengthens the basis for new product development as well establishing market for the organization’s products. It is clear that customer relationship management is the core technology for the organization due to the fact that without it, banks may not be able to obtain essential information concerning customers, which affects the banking system in one way or another. Any organization is usually concerned with enhancing its competitiveness in the market. CRM technology helps in solving issues regarding competitiveness, thereby making it possible for an organization to accomplish its goals. This technology has encouraged innovativeness in the organization (Percival 2006). The availability of information and the use of the customer oriented approach, which is enhanced by the CRM technology, have made product differentiation in the organization possible through innovativeness. This has increased the organization’s competitive advantage, which is a major factor that contributes to profitability. Technology that is core or enabling to an organization is identified through critically evaluating whether it is capable of assisting in the realization of organizational goals. It is also important to assess whether communication regarding the organization’s strategy is acquired in order to ensure that the organization has a basis for establishing the technology that is regarded as the core to the organization’s success. Such technology is usually understood by every employee in the organization who understands

Importance of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Importance of Life - Essay Example This paper will present personal thoughts about the two essays, establishing connections and oppositions, in the area of male-female communication at home. Inferences from the two stories â€Å"I want a wife† explains that wives take a very passive role at home. They offer support services to men after they leave home for work or education. The role of a wife when the husband is not at home will entail taking care of the children, supporting the dependants of the man, finance the man where necessary, as well as doing the daily chores. She is portrayed as one who should sacrifice for the man, by losing days of work, losing pay due to absenteeism as well as leaving her job after the husband gets employed. She is portrayed as the person to take care of the physical needs of the husband as well as those of the children while offering social support to the family (Tannen). A wife is presented as the one to offer support for the social life of the man, children – who she will babysit – as well as the guests of the home, who is required to serve. She is presented as the one to take care of the sexual needs of the man, whenever he feels the need, but she is presented as one that will not present her sexual needs. After all the devotion, she is supposed to accept her replacement, and at the same time absorb the burden of taking care of children after divorce (Brady). The story, â€Å"sex, lies and conversation; why is it so hard for men and women to talk to each other†...presents the woman as the talker of the family, but one who will not express herself in the pubic (Tannen). The case explains the ideal American family, where the man talks in public but not at home. The family outlook is supported by scientific findings that many marriage breakups – according to women – are caused by the lack of communication (Brady; Tannen). Women feel that men do not listen or pay attention to them, which could be explained on the basis of th e different communication cultures of men and women. Women – since their background as girls – relate in an expressive manner, while men relate in an authoritative, non-sentimental manner, which makes women feel like the men do not listen or communicate to them. Women make one another feel better, by demonstrating their shared problems, while men downplay the extent of the other’s problems, and will often not pay a lot of attention to the physical expressions of one another, like women. Through a research study on school children, it was demonstrated that women are expressive to one another – and the expressive aspect is what they expect from husbands – who are naturally passive in their communication and interactions. The problem rises from the need of intimacy among women, and the detachment of men from their feelings. The story ends in the call for an understanding of the cross-cultural nature of men and women, which will enhance their communica tion as well as the understanding of one another (Brady; Tannen). Discussion of the connections and the oppositions between the two stories â€Å"I want a wife† presents the wife as a highly passive member of the family, who will not question the instructions of the husband as well as her roles as a wife. â€Å"My wife must lose time at work and not lose the job† (Brady). The story â€Å"sex lies and conversation† is the opposite, as it portrays the wife as â€Å"

Christian religion Essay Example for Free

Christian religion Essay Many aspects of our Christian religion today have developed because of these early religious beliefs and culture of the Romans. At the beginning, the Roman Empire was able to develop more than any other country because of its acceptance of some areas of culture and religion of its conquered enemies and allowing them to keep their religion and culture, blending the old ways with the new. How little was known, that the paganism belief system of the Roman Empire would eventually lead the way to the new Christianity religion of the world. Paganism, with its gods and goddesses, answered humanity’s problems and provided answers at the whim of these supernatural beings. In the early stages of Greek and Roman culture, mythology answered all questions regarding the origin of the world and of man. (Case, 1929, p. 12) In the early days of Greece and Rome, everything under the sun was explained by the gods and goddesses humanity was at their whim along depending on their whims, just as today everything we do is explained through the Christian belief of God and Jesus, instead of the Roman gods and goddesses. In Rome, mythology answered all questions while today Christianity answers all of ours in regard to the world and mankind’s problems, all being subject to superhuman beings who have a lot to do with the affairs of mankind. Christianity became the official religion of the Roman empire under the Emperor Constantine in AD 324 (the Emperor Julian, known to Christians as the Apostate, failed to bring about a pagan revival a few years later), and pagan forms of worship were finally made illegal in 390 by Theodosius. The myths of the pagan gods were particularly vulnerable to Christian attack, as can be seen in Lactantius Divine Institutes I 9-22 and Augustines City of God. (Rivers, 1994, p. 22) According to Barry Banning’s article entitled, â€Å"The Irony of Faith†, which is part of the research done for his book The Unspoken Power of Rome, he refers to the fact most world religions expect people to believe in something that cannot be detected, seen, felt, heard, tasted, or smelled. Researching the fact that Rome had a serious influence on early Christian’s beginning and formation, he also says that people are expected to believe in something that doesn’t exist physically and can’t be proved in normal human experiences. In most of the world religions, people are asked to believe in something that can not be detected, seen, felt, heard, tasted, or smelled. They are asked to believe in something that doesn’t exist physically and can’t be proven in normal human experience. And when confronted with numerous, obvious discrepancies, the normal response is â€Å"faith†. Faith is the key to understanding. Faith is the key to believing in concepts that cannot be explained. (Banning, 2001, 1) Over the last several years, most Christians have accepted blindly this philosophy of faith, not realizing how much influence that Rome had on Christianity and how we perceive it today, in its early beginnings. Very little credit was ever historically given to Rome for having any influence on Christianity and how we look at it presently – many Christians refusing to believe that many aspects of Christianity had its origins in the pagan arena of Rome, and in the development of our present social orders. However, most of this credit was because of the way Christians hid inside the Roman Empire, to avoid persecution or death by the Romans. The hardest thing possible was to believe in one God instead of many gods and goddesses, remaining anonymous, while still living as Christians in brutal Rome. Early Christians, facing scorn at best and persecution at worst, depending on Emperor and the era, were forced to blend in with their Pagan counterparts. In order to celebrate the holidays of their religion, the Christians used pre-existing holidays and festivals to blend in. Christmas, for example, was originally part of the great festival of the Winter Solstice, or the Saturnalia. By adopting this grand event as the celebration of Christs birth, Christian revelry was allowed to take place, largely unnoticed. The Church too manipulated customs and traditions of the Pagan Empire to make their faith more adaptable. (Kousoulas, 2006,1) Christianity had been the official religion of Rome since 392, before Rome’s official fall in 476 when its last ruler, Romulus Augustus, fell under Alaric and the Visigoths in 410 and later destroyed by the Vandals in 455. According to Professor Richard Baldwin at the Gulf Coast Community College in Florida, this fall of Rome would later influence the Middle Ages and its civilizations in classical Greek and Roman cultures, Christianity, and the Germanic culture. With modern science and intellectual knowledge today slowly replacing the word of God and Christian beliefs, public and society religious dedication has become a thing of the past unwelcome in schools and sports, government buildings, and bringing down the morals of society. We need to look at Rome’s influence on the world accompanied with many other civilizations that were also influential on the world that led to Christianity. The development of human societies was not continuous. It was started several times anewin India, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, Scandinavia, and in Western Europe, beginning each time with the primitive tribe and then the village community. But if we consider each of these lines separately, we certainly find in each of them, and especially in the development of Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire, a continual widening of the conception of mutual support and mutual protection, from the clan to the tribe, the nation, and finally to the international union of nations. (Kropotkin, 1934, p. 17) Christianity today is going through another revival such as in Rome, with many Christians now looking deeply inside – philosophizing and asking inner questions concerning what they have always been told – such as, is Christianity a pure religion in itself, or is it a combination of other religions. As Barry Banning said, previous Christian philosophies and hierarchical leaders told us to never question anything about our churches or what we have been taught. Christians are individuals who have unique mindsets, they are going to grow and change in their perception of the world around them, and this is a time when humanity is asking questions, seeking to find out truths. We are beginning to observe what Christianity is really about, not blindly accepting what we have been told by our superiors. The Roman imprints left from the early Christian development have simply extended an age-old religious philosophy that has long been past due for a change and maybe a needed updated version. Over the centuries, Christianity has not only changed in an intellectual theory but also with the philosophy regarding its impact by Rome. People change and learn in different ways, with continuously changing perceptions that cross many barriers – age, education, beliefs, or culture. Nevertheless, the bottom line is, without Rome we would never have had Christianity. Moreover, today Christianity as a single religion is ranked as the world’s largest religion, with sub-groups being included in this statistic. For the purpose of statistics, Christians refer to varying degrees of religious activity within Christianity – including Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Pentecostals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Latter-day Saints, African Indigenous Churches, and others. All of this is very different from the early days of Rome, with terrified Christians being persecuted for speaking and attempting to practice their religion. Yet, no matter where we look regarding Christianity, we find ourself looking also at the Roman Empire and its early heritage and culture, still breathing today inside our churches and religious cultures. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS: Banning, B. (2001). The Unspoken Power of Rome. 1st Edition. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Wellspring Books. Case, S. C. (1929). Experience with the Supernatural in Early Christian Times. New York: The Century Company. Laistner, M. L. (1951). Christianity and Pagan Culture in the Later Roman Empire. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Kropotkin, P. P. A. (1934). The Present Need of Determining the Bases of Morality. New York: Dial Press. Potter, D. S. (2004). The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395. New York: Routledge. Rivers, I. (1994). Classical and Christian Ideas in English Renaissance Poetry: A Student’s Guide. New York: Routledge.

Beowulf: Christian Vs Pagan Influence Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essays

The European epic, Beowulf, was written sometime in the eighth century in England. This time period provides us with an idea for the mixture of Christian and pagan elements because of an English society that was in the process of converting from Paganism to Christianity. Examples of Pagan and Christian traditions are presented all throughout literature. Many of the influences deal with what it going on in the world, when the piece is written. When Beowulf was written, St. Augustine had just come over to try and convert the Anglo-Saxon people to Christianity; although the conversion succeeded it was a shallow conversion, and there were still people following the Pagan ways. The fact that Christianity and Paganism are so closely combined in the epic explains the reasons for Beowulf’s Christian and pagan influences. Blending in among Beowulf's triumphs against the three key creatures, we also see Christian virtues being instilled upon the listeners. The good qualities of loyalty, humility, sacrifice for the good of others, and sympathy for those less fortunate are seen woven into the text as well as the negative consequences from greed and pride. In a thorough analysis of Beowulf, the Christian and pagan elements, represented in the characters and their journeys through various countries, creates an epic adventure filled with superhuman qualities and Christian ideals that often parallel themselves to biblical characters and events. The pagan elements of the epic are evident in a couple of the characters’ superhuman qualities during the first two parts of the poem. Beowulf is seen as a superhero and takes it upon himself to use his strength to defeat Grendel and save the Danes from the turmoil that has haunted them for the past... ...and his mother, despite being non-human. The author of Beowulf was extremely effective in combining pagan and Christian ideas in the poem. The ability and technique of combining two different elements into his characters makes the epic interesting to read. In mixing Christian and pagan ideas, the eighth century author was able to dramatically enhance the characters with Christian values and pagan ideals. Although the pagan elements greatly influenced the story, the addition of Christian influences and parallels to the Bible make this European epic famous for the adventures, conflicts, and heroism that take place in a time of religious transition. Today, one can still see the Pagan influences in common life. Each time Beowulf succeeded he related it to either Paganism or Christianity. Whether it is one God, or many Gods, the people all had their common belief system.

Modern approach to teen substance abuse help and management methodologies Essay

Teen drug and alcohol abuse management is aimed at arresting adverse indulgence that lead to clinical cases. Serological evidence on sub-clinical cases of depression and alcoholism show preventive counseling is effective in managing depression and alcoholism. About 51% of teens within a random cluster of 20 males and 10 females are actively involved in alcoholism. Clinical cases are on the rise within Hispanic and Black teens. Arresting the cases within their early stages is feasible with the institution level M. Rosenbaum (2003). Teachers should identify effective means for recreational and rehabilitative timetables. Alcoholism often takes place between 3pm and 7pm are on the rise among teen students (www. samhsa. gov). Students indulge outside the school compound or homestead, or in the most neglected and limitedly visited areas. The commonly abused alcohol is beer and spirits (www. samhsa. gov). Factors leading to alcoholism need to be identified so as to limit any sub-clinical measures. This will facilitate to find a consistent approach to arrest alcoholism in its early stages. Factors such as stress, abuse, stereotyping lead to depression. Aping friends, parents or some public figures. Also, interest in alcohol, searching identity in age mates and friends and proving maturity and sexuality lead to indulgence M. Rosenbaum (2003). Socio-economic backgrounds contribute to alcoholism. Teens from poor families are less aggressive in alcoholism while those from rich families are indulgent. A sample of six middle income families and six high level income families responded to a questionnaire about if their teenage children were involved in alcoholism. Only two of the middle level parents admitted to alcoholism in their teens while out of the six respondents from the higher income family five admitted their teens were into mild and profound alcoholism (www. nida. nih. gov). Teen alcoholics admit they drink due to peer pressure, to be identified and to fit in their peer groups and avoid isolation. Others admit they are aping the movie stars, their idols and role models, having fun, self redemption, thwarting stress and problems and seeking a unique position in the society. Social integration in this age level and addressing this plight in a concerted effort is necessary in school level and beyond. On a cross cultural-community approach, more black and Hispanic teens are engaging in alcoholism. Increased exposure to wages in the low level income families has upped the level of substance abuse and alcoholism in teenagers. Teenage girl alcoholics are on the rise within the low level income families. A certain portion of this group is involved in irresponsible sexual behavior and prostitution while some are working as young prostitutes. This constant rise in alcoholism and depression is seen in the context of declining literacy in the teens. Hispanic teens collectively have made less progress in graduating from high school compared to their Black counterparts. Up to 28% Hispanic teens are dropping out in comparison to 15% Blacks. Teen alcoholics have problems in the society. The creation of a positive social interaction environment in a friendly and unrestrictive atmosphere offers the proper environment for therapy and manageable counseling. It’s aimed at improving collective social behavior so as to inspire and correct the students. The school counselor should counsel based on teaching pedagogical approaches. This instills discipline and encourages the students to share their problems. Within the recreational context the teacher should initiate recreational activities like playing chess, bridge, and other in-house games (Ken & David 2007). Through a cognitive-control system the teacher manifests self analysis, self recognition, and self help so as to regulate behavior. The student reads materials wherein the teen reads her problem and follows a set of procedures like, playing with her pet, watching an inspiring video, etc. The procedure is used in the environment created by the school teacher (above). The objective is to create competing system within the brain and make adolescents lessen brain capacity to want physical engagement with substances. The counselor has a role to comparatively review the potential of the students and assess their capacity. Authoritatively, he should embark to make impact on their socio-academic well being. The perspectives borne within this context are purported to limit clinical interventions incase of adverse depression and alcoholism. Involvement of capacity building and establishment of more positive youth groups so as to build on youths’ strengths, (through advising on developing positive mental attitude towards their abilities in education and entrepreneurship). The school counselor should as often as possible make groups which consist of most disciplined students to act as the role models. These role model groups actively integrate incorporate the students who have depression or alcoholism problems M. Rosenbaum (2003). This makes these students sociable and gradually makes them feel acceptable in these groups and most important, desists from substance abuse. The teacher should invite the community to lead in playing a role of advisors while he is the active leader. These community members and the school counselors have the obligation to present appropriate role-models and opportunities for remediation for young people growing up in the school community. The message to young adults and their peers must be that they understand the dangers of substance abuse and make appropriate choices when confronted with opportunities of drug use. A school counselor should address the teen alcohol problem through an educative perspective; He gives complete clinical views on use and abuse of substances. He should comprehensively emphasize the importance of the context through giving cases study projections on serological outcomes and clinical intervention risks and impacts on human health. This perspective scope is on teenage cases who are supposed to actively attend and play roles in the education and during the classes. The concept is to keep these teens safe from alcohol and to stop substance abuse. The school counselor should give social and drug life education to enable teenagers to make responsible decisions by providing honest information. The novelty of the advice and counseling will discourage the teens from excessive or partial indulgence. The counselor is also supposed to advise the students to understand their place in the society and their future as citizens in the educative approach (Flannery, 2007). Students tend to have various social networks where they interact. The school counselor should integrate these networks as extracurricular activities by allocating time to be with the students. According to research, drug abuse takes place mostly after school and evening hours as stated above (Bachman, Johnston & O’Malley 1990). As a school counselor it is important to be involved in participating, and listening to what students express and how they relate with their peers. In a group setting, I would encourage the students to speak freely, express their views, thoughts, ideas, and perspectives. I will intervene only while asking them why they feel or think a certain way, then offer my support. Students can have a friend or family member participate in order to improve the advice being offered. The setting should be a homely, conducive, and well equipped with communication and research tools to help these students research their problem with guidance from the school counselor. This is a very effective method and creates a backbone for the gradual and even instant ceasing of alcohol habits. According to (Rosenbaum, 2003), the after school programs form the basis of a communal approach to the problem. The students are able to understand their problem through guidance. If a student’s drug use becomes a problem, the after-school drop-in program enables her to make informal contact with a professional, even if she is not ready for formal treatment. If problems escalate, a referral to the appropriate agency can be made (Rosenbaum 2003). Conclusion Safety and correction to reduce harm and to reconstitute behavior and perception in the teens is important. The school counselor can actively and consistently provide extra attention and consideration to the teens with the problem and follow up their recovery. Counselors should encourage discussion of trauma experience among the peers and the counseling group. Over weekends, they should refer these teens with the problems to active involvement in community recovery work, church and sporting activities. Counselors should urge participation in sports and athletics and encourage resumption of regular social-recreational activities like in-house games and sport. This way the traumatized and the recovering teens will become social figures who’ll be symbolic role models and successful and responsible people in the future. Sources (Ken & David 2007), Social-economic decline due to substance abuse by teens: An intelligence approach to teen physiology through counter brain measures. Goldman Intelligence, Nairobi p1-5 Barbra Flannery, (2007) International Research Institute, Baltimore Hser, Y-I. ; Grille, C. E. ; Hubbard, R. L. ; et al (2002). An evaluation of drug treatment for adolescents in four U. S. cities: Archives of General Psychiatry; Volume 17, pp 1 M. Rosenbaum, â€Å"‘Just Say No’ Wins Few Points with Ravers,† Los Angeles Times, 31 Jan. 2001: A13. M. Rosenbaum (2003) Safety first: A reality based approach to teen’s drugs and drug education. Drug Policy Alliance www. safety1st. org (J. G. Bachman, L. D. Johnston and P. M. O’Malley 1990), â€Å"Explaining the Recent Decline in Cocaine use Among Young Adults: Further Evidence That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug use: Journal of Health and Human Social Behavior 31. 2 (1990): 173-184 Texas drug and rehabilitation center http://www. drugfree. org www. samhas. gov www. nida. nih. gov

Practicing Witchcraft In Massachusetts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1830 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? The Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem Massachusetts in the early 1690s. In these trials over 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft. According to the Smithsonian, 20 out of those 200 were executed and two dogs were executed as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Practicing Witchcraft In Massachusetts" essay for you Create order Salem was by no means the first site of witch trials. Thousands of women were burnt at the stake in the middle ages and numerous accusations occurred in the 17th century. At the time of the trials, Salem was split in two, Salem Town, and Salem Village. Salem Town was big on trade and commerce, while Salem Village was big on farming. Salem Village was full of Puritans who were not pleased with Salem Town and they wanted to separate. Salem Village was the only colonial town with more than two people accused and convicted of witchcraft. During the time of the witch trials, members of the community were already on edge due to severe weather and illness spreading. The weather was negatively affecting the harvest and smallpox was traveling through Salem Village like crazy. On top of everything, nearby Indian villages began attacking Salem. All of these factors led to the mass hysteria that caused many to be executed, however one cannot say with confidence that one of these factors was the sole cause of The Salem Witch Trials. The first women accused of witchcraft in Salem were accused in February of 1962. Two young girls, 9-year-old Elizabeth Parris the daughter of Salemrs minister, and her cousin 11-year-old Abigail Williams began acting in strange manners. As doctors could not explain their behavior it was deemed supernatural activity. The hysteria soon set in and the young girls were questioned about the witches who were causing these fits. These girls soon gave up three names, Sarah Good, Tituba, and Sarah Osburn. On March 1st, 1962 the three were arrested: It must be borne in mind, that it was then an established doctrine in theology, philosophy, and law, that the Devil could not operate upon mortals, or mortal affairs, except through the intermediate instrumentality of human beings in confederacy with him, that is, witches or wizards. The question, of course, in all minds and on all tongues, was: Who are the agents of the Devil in afflicting these girls?. There must be some among us thus acting, and who are they? For some time the girls held back from mentioning names; or, if they did, it was prevented from being divulged to the public. In the meantime, the excitement spread and deepened. At length, the people had become so thoroughly prepared for the work, that it was concluded to begin operations in earnest. The continued pressure upon the ?afflicted children, the earnest and importunate inquiry, on all sides. Who is it that bewitches you? opened their lips in response, and they began to select and bring forward their victims. One a fter another, they cried out Good, Osburn, Tituba. On the 29th of February, 1692, warrants were duly issued against those persons. It is observable, that the complainants who procured the warrants in these cases were Joseph Hutchinson, Edward Putnam, Thomas Putnam, and Thomas Preston. This fact shows how nearly unanimous, at this time, was the conviction that the sufferings of the girls were the result of witchcraft. Salem Witchcraft: Volume II by Charles W. Upham These arrests were the spark that lit the flame of the witch trials. They all denied use of witchcraft until one came forward, the ministers slave, and confessed. Only one of these women were executed, but they all suffered tremendously. Sarah Good was one of the first people to be gravely affected by these trials. Sarah Good was born in 1653 to a well-off man, however, her fathers estate got tied up leaving her with nothing. Good married an indentured servant who died in 1686 with loads of debt. Sarah then went on to marry a man and they ended up homeless with two young children because they had to pay off her first husbands debt. She didnt have a good reputation, because of this many considered her a town nuisance. This status made her an easy target for accusations. When Elizabeth and Abigailrs diagnoses were supernatural forces Good quickly got pointed out. Good remained in jail until June 28th when she was officially condemned for multiple charges of witchcraft. She was charged for using witchcraft against three people, Sarah Bibber, Elizabeth Hubbard, and Ann Putnam, Jr. While Good was in jail, her 4-year-old daughter was arrested for witchcraft. A deposition from Anne Putnam explains why: The deposition of Ann Putnam who testifieth and saith that on the 3th March 1691/92 I saw the apparition of Dorothy Good, Sarah Goodrs daughter, who did immediately almost choke me and tortured me most grievously; and so she hath several times since tortured me by biting and pinching and almost choking me tempting me also to write in her book and also on the day of her examination being the 24th of March 1691/92 the apparition of Dorothy Good tortured me during the time of her examination and several times since. Dorothy Good got out of jail after eight months, but the court was not done with her mom yet. Sarah was put on trial in June of 1692. Good never confessed to the crimes she was accused of, but she did state that Sarah Osburn tormented the young girls. On July 19th Good and four others, Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, and Sarah Wildes, were brought to Proctorrs Ledge and hanged. Sarah Osburn was born in 1643 in Watertown Massachusetts. She later married a well-known man by the name of Robert Prince and she moved to Salem Village with him in 1662. Prince died in 1674 leaving Osburn a widow with three kids and a 150-acre farm. Sarah hired an indentured immigrant, Alexander Osburn, to help work the farms. Alexander paid off his indenture and the two married making Sarah, Sarah Osburn. The farm had been left with Sarah with the plan of her sons taking over when they came of age, but now Sarah was married and wanted to keep ownership for her and her husband. The battle for the land continued until Sarah was accused of witchcraft in 1692. Sarah was accused by many people, though she never confessed nor did she try to blame the other women that were arrested with her in March. Her case was never solved, as she died shackled in her jail cell in May of 1692. Tituba was born in an Barbados. Her mother was hanged after resisting sexual advances from her white owner. Tituba was run off the plantation and she ended up living with Mama Yaya, who taught her traditional healing methods. Tituba returned to slavery when she fell in love with and married a slave named John Indian, they were both sold to Samuel Parris. Parris brought her to Boston in 1680. He took her to Salem when he was appointed a minister in 1689. Tituba mainly took care of Parrisrs daughter and niece, Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams. When Elizabeth, Abigail, and some of their friends began acting weird finger were quickly pointed at Tituba, as she spent most of her time with the girls. Tituba was accused of voodoo for witch cake to reveal the Parris girls fatal fortunes in egg yolks. When Tituba appeared in court in March of 1692 she confessed that The devil came to me and bid me serve him. Martha Corey dared to speak up against these accusations against Good, Osburn, and Tituba. Soon after the girls learned Corey was questioning them, she was accused of practicing witchcraft. Ann Putnam claims that she saw Martha in an apparition, on March 12th Ann was asked what Martha was wearing in the apparition, to which she replied: I was so blinded I could not see. When Edward Putnam and Ezekiel Cheever went to confront Martha, she asked if Ann could even tell them what she was wearing. The men took her knowing this as a sign of witchcraft. She was arrested on March, 19th 1962. Days later another person, Abigail Hobbs, named Martha as a witch. However, Hobbs also named Marthars husband Giles as a wizard. The trial took place in September 1962, many people testified against both of them. On September 10th Martha was convicted of witchcraft. Just nine days later Giles was executed in a way that had never been seen before. Giles Corey was stripped naked, a board placed upon his chest, and then, while his neighbors watched, heavy stones and rocks were piled on top of the board. It was a punishment never before seen or ever again inflicted in the colony of Massachusetts. Corey pleaded to have more weight added so that his death might come quickly. He was eventually crushed to death at the age of eighty. Judge Jonathan Corwin ordered Corey buried in an unmarked grave on Gallows Hill. On the 22nd Martha was hanged along with five other women, and two men on Gallows Hill. It wasn t until 1954 that Martha was officially absolved of her crimes. Many factors played into the witch trials, including the weather and recent attacks. However, everyone can agree that the trials ended abruptly, although many believe that it was due to selfish reasons. On October 12, 1692, Governor Phips issued an order that protected the current prisoners from harm and suspended any more arrests of people accused of witchcraft. Robert Calef, a merchant outraged by the progress of the trials, stated that Governor Phips only issued these orders on the belief that his own wife had been accused of working for Satan. There were trials to hear the last of the cases, but nobody else was condemned. The last trial was held in January of 1693. The years following the witch trials were harsh as well, people were stuck in jail and unable to pay. Others lost their land when they got convicted and were left homeless and broke. Throughout the year of witch trials six main girls had been doing the accusing, however only one girl publicly apologized. That girl was Ann Putnam Jr. Ann accused over sixty people of witchcraft. In 1706 Ann claimed stated: I desire to be humbled before God for that sad and humbling providence that befell my fathers family in the year about ninety-two; that I, then being in my childhood, should, by such a providence of God, be made an instrument for the accusing of several people for grievous crimes, whereby their lives was taken away from them, whom, now I have just grounds and good reason to believe they were innocent persons; and that it was a great delusion of Satan that deceived me in that sad time. She also stated that: that the devil had taken her, and she had no choice but to do what she was told. None of the other girls apologized, they all went on to get married and live as though they had not played a key role in the deaths of many men and women.